ECTS - University of Pisa
GENETICA VETERINARIA Area Tematica "Genetica generale e molecolare"
- Lo Studente deve possedere le nozioni fondamentali che lo mettano in condizione di comprendere:
ZOOTECNICA GENERALE E MIGLIORAMENTO GENETICO Area Tematica Produzione animale e allevamento
- Lo Studente deve possedere le conoscenze fondamentali per la comprensione:
Veterinary Genetics TOPIC General and molecular genetics
The student must possess the fundamentals that make him able to understand:
the basic concepts of classical genetics, , fine gene structure and molecular genetics for animal species in livestock production and pet species.
the basic concepts of Cytogenetics: normal and abnormal chromosomal patterns of the species
animals in zootechnical production and of the species of companionship.
The modern implications of molecular genetics in the methodologies of genetic evaluation of breeding animals for the genetic improvement of animal husbandry for purposes
and for the correct application of genetic selection schemes in pet species;
The modern implications of molecular genetics in the clinical field in the study of pathologies
Cat and Dog Factor Mono and Multi Factorial Genetic Base and Major Species in
zootechnical production with the aim of understanding the mechanisms of eradication of pathologies
mono fatty acids through the early detection of affected, healthy and healthy reproducers;
the modern implications of molecular genetics in the field of investigation: racial traceability and
individual products of raw and processed meat produced and processed by genomic markers
STR and SNP and through the study of the genetic polymorphism of the loci at the base of the staining
of the cloaks. Probabilistic Method - Deterministic Method
the Applications of Molecular Genetics and the procedures to be followed in the release of Pedigree
by the Italian Kennel Club E.N.C.I .: Deposit and Conservation of the
Biological Sample at Accredited Laboratories, Genomic Profile by Markers
Genomics STR, Parental Test (Execution and Interpretation).
GENERAL ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETIC IMPROVEMENT TOPIC Animal Production and breeding
- The student must possess the basic knowledge for understanding:
The concepts of evolution, speciation and genetic variability.
of how Genetic Variability has allowed the process of domestication and constitution of current breeds and companionship that will be described ethnologically.
in General Animal Breeding section, the main characteristics of the livestock breeding sector.
the basic concepts of population genetics along with the theoretical basis of quantitative genetics and the applications to the genetic improvement of animal and pet animals.
The Genetic Variability Evaluation and Management Methodologies used in the selection programs.
the theory behind the generation of selection indexes, the strategies and goals of the selection programs and the applications of Molecular Genetics in Animal Breeding.
The concrete applications and structure of the genetic improvement programs operating in Italy and managed by the Principal Genetic Enhancement Centers such as ANAFI - ANABORAPI - ANABIC - ASSONAPA - ANAS Italian Genetics.
ZOOTECNICA GENERALE GENETICA VETERINARIAE MIGLIORAMENTO GENETICO Aree Tematiche "Genetica generale e molecolare- Produzione animale e allevamento"
- L'accertamento delle conoscenze avverrà tramite prova di esame in modalità infrormatizzata presso il Polo Informatico 5 dell'Università di Pisa su Piattaforma Moodle UNIPI. La prova è composta da domande a risposta multipla ed in formato chiuso e verterà sugli argomenti trattati nel corso delle lezioni frontali e delle esercitazioni pratiche svolte in laboratorio Informatico su Piattafroma Moodle UNIPI.
GENERAL ANIMAL BREEDING VETERINARY GENETICS AND GENETIC IMPROVEMENT- TOPICS "General and molecular geneticsAnimal Production and breeding"
The assessment of the knowledge will take place via written test and carried out in the Computer Laboratory at Platform Moodle of the University of Pisa. The test will focus on the topics discussed during the frontal lessons and practical exercises.
GENETICA VETERINARIA - Area Tematica "Genetica generale e molecolare
ZOOTECNICA GENERALE E MIGLIORAMENTO GENETICO - Area Tematica Produzione animale e allevamento
VETERINARY GENETICS - TOPIC General and molecular genetics
The student will be able to apply inherited transmission models for simple and complex characters and to identify ererditary cases due to extensions of Mendel's laws.
The student will be able to pick up and store the biological samples both for the purpose of screening of genetic diseases and of the required analyzes of the Italian Kennel Club E.N.C.I. for the procedures to be followed in the release of Pedigree and will be able to interpret the report of a parental test.
The student will be able to set up an Individual and Breed Traceability path across the entire Milk and Milk Production Line and will be able to apply Probabilistic and Deterministic Traceability Methods in their respective Meat and Milk Production Chains.
The student will be able to apply the modern genetic selection schemes, will use molecular genetic testing in the screening of Cat Dog Pathologies and major species in zootechnical production, for the purpose of eradicating monofactorial pathologies.
GENERAL ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETIC IMPROVEMENT TOPIC Animal Production and breeding
The student will be able to understand how the current farm and pet breeds were constitued and to recognize and classify them as ethnologically.
The student will acquire the main characteristics of the livestock farming sector.
The student, starting from the basic concepts of population genetics together with the theoretical bases of quantitative genetics, will be able to set up a genetic improvement plan both for pet-living and companion animals.
The student will be able to evaluate the strategies and objectives of the selection programs also in the light of the applications of Molecular Genetics in Animal Breeding.
The student will know the concrete applications and structure of the genetic improvement programs in Italy and managed by the Principal Genetic Centers such as ANAFI - ANABORAPI - ANABIC - ASSONAPA - ANAS Italian Genetics.
GENETICA VETERINARIA Area Tematica "Genetica generale e molecolare"- L'accertamento delle capacità è svolto mediante interattività esercitativa svolta presso il laboratorio informatizzato del Polo informatico Piagge mediante la piattaforma infromatizzata Moodle dell' Università di Pisa.
ZOOTECNICA GENERALE E MIGLIORAMENTO GENETICO Area Tematica Produzione animale e allevamento
-L'accertamento delle capacità è svolto mediante interattività esercitativa svolta presso il laboratorio informatizzato del Polo informatico Piagge mediante la piattaforma infromatizzata Moodle dell' Università di Pisa.
VETERINARY GENETICS - TOPIC General and molecular geneticsThe assessment of the skills is carried out through an interactive activity carried out at the computerized laboratory of the Piagge informatics pole using the Moodle computerized platform of the University of Pisa.
GENERAL ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETIC IMPROVEMENT- TOPIC Animal Production and breeding
The assessment of the capacities is carried out by means of interactive activity carried out at the computerized laboratory of the Piagge informatics field through the computerized Moodle platform of the University of Pisa.
GENETICA VETERINARIA Area Tematica "Genetica generale e molecolare" - Lo studente durante le esercitazioni dovrà saper interagire con i compagni di corso nelle esercitazioni previste a gruppi, dovrà saper interpretare efficacemente gli approfondimenti delle esercitazioni e delle metodologie applicate spiegati a lezione, inoltre dovrà comportarsi in maniera consapevole, critica ed interattiva riguardo agli argomenti trattati.
ZOOTECNICA GENERALE E MIGLIORAMENTO GENETICO Area Tematica Produzione animale e allevamento
- Lo studente durante le esercitazioni dovrà saper interagire con i compagni di corso nelle esercitazioni previste a gruppi, dovrà saper interpretare efficacemente gli approfondimenti delle esercitazioni e delle metodologie applicate spiegati a lezione, inoltre dovrà comportarsi in maniera consapevole, critica ed interattiva riguardo agli argomenti trattati.
VETERINARY GENETICS - TOPIC General and molecular geneticsThe student during the exercises should be able to interact with the classmates in the exercises planned for groups, be able to effectively understand the in-depth analysis of the exercises and the applied methodologies explained in lesson, and must behave in a conscious, critical and interactive way for the Topics covered.
GENERAL ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETIC IMPROVEMENT- TOPIC Animal Production and breedingThe student during the exercises should be able to interact with the classmates in the exercises planned for groups, be able to effectively interpret the in-depth lessons learned in the exercises and the applied methodologies, and and must behave in a conscious, critical and interactive way for the Topics covered.
GENETICA VETERINARIA Area Tematica "Genetica generale e molecolare"- Durante le attività pratiche il docente valuterà il comportamento degli studenti e la loro capacità di interazione con il Docente e con i compagni di corso tramite l'osservazione della correttezza delle attività svolte e valutando le proprietà di linguaggio dello studente.
ZOOTECNICA GENERALE E MIGLIORAMENTO GENETICO Area Tematica Produzione animale e allevamento
-Durante le attività pratiche il docente valuterà il comportamento degli studenti e la loro capacità di interazione con il Docente e con i compagni di corso tramite l'osservazione della correttezza delle attività svolte e valutando le proprietà di linguaggio dello studente.
VETERINARY GENETICS - TOPIC General and molecular genetics During practical activities, the teacher will evaluate student behavior and their ability to interact with the teacher and their companions by observing the correctness of the activities and evaluating the student's language properties.
GENERAL ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETIC IMPROVEMENT- TOPIC Animal Production and breedingDuring the practical activities, the teacher will evaluate student behavior and their ability to interact with the teacher and their classmates by observing the correctness of the activities and evaluating the student's language skills.
GENETICA VETERINARIA - Area Tematica "Genetica generale e molecolare" Avere conoscenze di base relative alle materie quali la Chimica la Biochimica e la Biologia
ZOOTECNICA GENERALE E MIGLIORAMENTO GENETICO Area Tematica Produzione animale e allevamento
- avere acquisito le conoscenze fornite attraverso il programma svolto nel corso dell'insegnameto di Genetica Veterinaria
VETERINARY GENETICS - TOPIC General and molecular geneticsTo have basic knowledge of subjects such as Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biology
GENERAL ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETIC IMPROVEMENT- TOPIC Animal Production and breedingto acquire the knowledge provided through the program carried out during the course of Veterinary Genetics
MODULO GENETICA VETERINARIA -
Didattica teorica: 33 ore lezioni (lectures) con ausilio di slides
Area Tematica "Genetica generale e molecolare"
Didattica pratica: 5 ore
Area Tematica "Genetica generale e molecolare"
Lavoro di gruppo con supervisione (Seminars): 3ore
Sessioni Individuali di Autoapprendimento (Supervised self Learning): 0 ore
In Laboratorio o in aula (Laboratory and desk-based work): 0 ore
Didattica pratica non clinica che coinvolge animali, carcasse o materiale di origine animale (non clinical animal work) 2ore
Didattica pratica clinica all' interno delle strutture dell' Università (clinical animal work intramural) 0 ore
Didattica pratica clinica all' esterno alle strutture dell'Università (clinical animal work extramural) 0 ore
Modulo ZOOTECNICA GENERALE E MIGLIORAMENTO GENETICO
Didattica teorica: 30 ore lezioni (lectures) con ausilio di slides
Area Tematica Produzione animale e allevamento
Didattica pratica: 10 ore
Area Tematica Produzione animale e allevamento
Lavoro di gruppo con supervisione (Seminars): 4 ore
Sessioni Individuali di Autoapprendimento (Supervised self Learning): 0 ore
In Laboratorio o in aula (Laboratory and desk-based work): 6 ore
Didattica pratica non clinica che coinvolge animali, carcasse o materiale di origine animale (non clinical animal work) 0ore
Didattica pratica clinica all' interno delle strutture dell' Università (clinical animal work intramural) 0 ore
Didattica pratica clinica all' esterno alle strutture dell'Università (clinical animal work extramural) 0 ore
VETERINARY GENETICS TOPIC General and molecular geneticsGeneral and molecular genetics
The didactic activity of the course includes a theoretical part during which the student attends lectures using the teaching material presented at the lesson available from the beginning of the course on the E-learnig site of the Department of Veterinary Sciences and an exercise part of in-depth study according to the following scheme:
Lectures: 27 h by using power point slides
PRACTICAL TRAINING: 5h
Seminars 3 h: Presentation of bibliographic material, links to sites related to the major research genetic centers and services for genetic testing used in the screening animal monofactorial diseases. Presentation of full-class classroom videos about the topics of genetics applied to the veterinary profession. Direct access and interaction by the student to the above mentioned material from a single PC or Mac station at the Computerized Laboratory of the Polo Infomatico Piagge using the Moodle computerized platform of the University of Pisa
Non clinical animal work 2h: Practical Full-class Practice and Single Group with HBDD Molecular Dogs RIS Roma Certified in Searching for Missing Persons Actually in the Subject of the Program Concerning the Genetic Bases of Dog Slain
Module 2 GENERAL ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETIC IMPROVEMENT - TOPIC Animal Production and breeding
Lectures: 32 h by using power point slides
PRACTICAL TRAINING: 10h
Laboratory and desk-based work 4 h At the Informatized Lab of the Polo Piagge on Moodle Computerized Platform of the University of Pisa. From the computerized material provided, the student will interact through the connection to the sites of the main genetic centers for animal selection working in Italy, to compile the linear phenotypic evaluation method at the basis of the plans for the calculation of the genetic indexes for the purposes genetic improvement.
Laboratory and desk-based work 6 hLaboratory and desk-based work at the Piagge Polo Computer Laboratory on Moodle Computerized Platform at the University of Pisa. Recognition of Canine, and Feline breeds. Recognition of Bovine, Sheep, Goat, Horses, Pigs, Avicole, and verification of the student's knowledge of their respective production attitudes and breeding technologies. Interaction of the student with the sites of gentic centers of selection for the identification of the main existing genetic tests used in the screening of the mono-factorial pathologies for all the animal species listed above - the subdivision into groups of 4 students will allow the students involved in the exercise to whole class to perform concurrent exercises related to the topics listed above for groups of different species.
GENETICA VETERINARIA
DIDATTICA TEORICA: 33 ore
(3h) Richiami sulla struttura, composizione chimica, e funzione degli acidi nucleici. L’organizzazione del DNA nei cromosomi. Dimensione dei Genomi delle Specie animali in produzione zootecnica e da compagnia. Contenuto del DNA Ripetuto, DNA a Sequenza Unica ed a Sequenza Ripetuta. Replicazione e Ricombinazione del DNA. La Trascrizione. Il codice genetico e la traduzione. Genetica molecolare Nozioni di base. Il Gene: struttura chimica, meccanismi d'azione, criteri di studio.
(3h) Tecniche di interazione con gli acidi Nucleici. Estrazione del DNA Genomico da substrati diversi. L'Elettroforesi su gel di Agarosio e su gel Di Poliacrilamide. Amplificazione in Vitro del DNA la tecnica della P.C.R. Polymerase Chain Reaction. Il Sequenziamento del DNA Metodica di Sanger. Automatizzazione della Metodica di Sanger il funzionamento dei Sequenziatori automatici del DNA. Esempi pratici delle applicazioni in campo zootecnico e cinotecnico delle suddette tecniche laboratoristiche.
(3h) L'individuo, Genotipo, Fenotipo. Le teorie dell'eredità. Le leggi di Mendel: Gli esperimenti di Mendel. I risultati degli incroci monoibridi, Interpretazione dei dati, Il quadrato di Punnett,ESPERIENZE DI POLIBRIDISMO. La teoria cromosomica dell’eredità.L’analisi del pedigree. Estensioni dell’analisi mendeliana Modalità ereditarie di singoli geni.La funzione delle Proteine Spiega il Fenomeno della Dominanza. Dominanza incompleta, Codominanza.
(3h) Penetranza ed Espressività, La polidattilia nei polli, Ambiente interno ed esterno, Età d’insorgenza,Sovradominanza. Allelia multipla. Modalità ereditaria dei Geni legati al Cromosoma X. Eredità Diandrica e Olandrica. Geni Pseudo Autosomici, Carattei Influenzati dal Sesso. Caratteri Limitati dal Sesso.Alleli Letali nell' Uomo, Bovino Ovino,Suino, Cavallo,Gatto e Cane.Effetti Pleiotropici dei Geni. Geni Modificatori ed interazioni Geniche. L'Epistasi, La Complementazione.Epistasi Recessiva nel colore del Mantello del Labrador. Ridondanza Genica. Fenomeni di Associazione Genica e Scambio. Il Concetto di Mappa Genetica.
(3h) Eredità Extranucleare non mendeliana. Effetto Materno, Eredità Epigenetica, Imprinting Genomico, Eredità Materna, il Genoma Mitocondriale ed il Genoma dei Cloroplasti modalità di trasmissione Ereditaria. Effetto Materno ed Eredità Materna, concetti a confronto. La Teoria dell'Endosimbiosi. Polimorfismi Genetici ed Origini dei Polimorfismi del DNA. Definizione di Polimorfismo Genetico, Definizione di Variabilità Genetica.Utilizzo del Polimorfismo Genetico a Scopi Selettivi per il miglioramento genetico delle Produzioni Animali.
(3h)I Marcatori Genomici SNP e STR loro Utilizzo. Come si Costruisce un Profilo Genomico con i Marcatori STR. Come si Effettua un Test Parentale. La Genetica Molecolare nelle procedure ENCI: Deposito e conservazione del Campione Biologico presso Laboratori accreditati.La tracciabilità dei prodotti carnei e lattei crudi cotti e trasformati. Tracciabilità effettuata con il metodo Probabilistico.
(3h) Tecniche di Genetica molecolare e metodologie statistiche. La tracciabilità Individuale e Razziale della Carne Bovina. La Tracciabilità Razziale del latte bovino e dei prodotti derivati effettuata con ilmetodo Deterministico. Analisi del polimorfismo dei geni che determinano la colorazione e la pezzatura del mantello. La Tracciabilità delle produzioni carnee e lattee nella specie ovina mediante il metodo Probabilistico ed il metodo Deterministico
(3h) Mappaggio dei genomi complessi e la Mappa Genomica delle principali specie in produzione zootecnica e degli animali da compagnia Applicazioni Pratiche in campo zootecnico: M.Genetica, M.Cromosomica, M.Fisica, M.Comparata. Stato dell'arte della mappa genomica di: Ruminanti, Suino, Equino, Pollo e delle specie da compagnia.QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI (QTL) GENI AD EFFETTO MAGGIORE, MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION/ MARKER ASSISTED INTROGRESSION (MAS/MAI) GENOTYPE ASSISTED SELECTION (GAS). RICERCA DI QTL MEDIANTE L’IMPIEGO DI MARCATORI GENOMICI.
(3h) Le basi genetiche della taglia e della conformazione corporea del cane. L'esempio dello studio effettuato nella razza Canina Portuguese Water Dog. Il Caso particolare del gene MSTN nella razza Canina Whippet. Le basi genetiche della longevità del cane e la loro correlazione della Taglia Corporea. QTL CFA 7; QTL CFA 8; QTL CFA 10; QTL CFA 15; QTL CFA 34; QTL CFA 23; QTL CFA 29; QTL CFA 9. Il Polimorfismo dei geni dei ricettori olfattivi del cane. Il polimorfismo dei marcatori genomici SNP correlato con l'attitudine innata nel riconoscere particolari molecole olfattive. Lo studio della base genetica delle malattie ereditarie del Cane e degli animali da reddito. Management delle Malattie Genetiche. Anomalie cromosomiche. Patologie monogeniche ed approcci di studio. Patologie multifattoriali ed approcci di studio.
(3h) IDENTIFICAZIONE DEI GENI RESPONSABILI DELLE PRINCIPALI MALATTIE EREDITARIE. Approccio dei MARCATORI MOLECOLARI per la ricerca delle basi genetiche delle patologie multifattoriali, Epilessia, Displasia dell'anca etc. L'approccio di studio detto del Gene candidato, l'esempio della PRA Atrofia Progressiva della Retina del cane. Concetti alla base della Citogenetica Metodologie e criteri di studio dei cromosomi. Effetto Lyon Compensazione del Dosaggio genico, Corpo di Barr,le basi Molecolari dell'inattivazione del cromosoma X, Esempio della Colorazione del mantello nel gatto calico.
(3h) Cariotipo ed Idiogramma delle principali specie in produzione zootecnica e delle specie da compagnia: Assetti cromosomici normali ed anomali delle specie animali in produzione zootecnica e delle specie da compagnia. Aberrazioni cromosomiche. Alterazioni del numero : polisomie e poliploidie. Non disgiunzione meiotica e mitotica. Anomalie di struttura. Delezioni. Duplicazioni. Inversioni pericentriche e paracentriche. Traslocazioni reciproche e robertsoniane. Citogenetica Molecolare e moderne tecniche di studio dei cromosomi.
DIDATTICA PRATICA: 5 ore
3 h Lavoro di gruppo con supervisione (Seminars): presentazione di materiale bibliografico, link a siti riguardanti i principali centri di ricerca e servizi per i test genetici utilizzati nel depistaggio delle principali malattie a base genetica degli animali da compagnia e da reddito. Presentazione di filmati in aula riguardanti gli argomenti di genetica applicata alla professione veterinaria. Accesso diretto ed interazione da parte dello studente al suddetto materiale da singola postazione pc o Mac presso il Laboratorio informatizzato del Polo Infomatico Piagge mediante la piattaforma informatizzata Moodle dell' Università di Pisa
2h Didattica pratica non clinica che coinvolge animali, Lavoro pratico con i cani Molecolari HBDD Certificati RIS Roma per la ricerca di persone scomparse in realzione all' argomento del programma che riguarda le basi genetiche del fiuto del cane
ZOOTECNICA GENERALE E MIGLIORAMENTO GENETICO Area Tematica Produzione animale e allevamento
Didattica pratica: TOTALE 10 ore
VETERINARY GENETICS TOPIC General and molecular genetics
Lectures: 33 h by using power point slides
3h Nucleic Acids Structure, chemical composition, and function. The DNA organization in chromosomes. Size of Animal Genomes for Livestock species and dog.DNA Single-Sequence and Repeated Sequence. DNA Replication and Recombination. The Transcription. The genetic code and the translation. Molecular Genetics Basics. The Gene: Chemical structure, mechanisms of action, study criteria. The Gene: Chemical structure, mechanisms of action, study criteria. The genic Transcription. The genetic code and the translation.
3h Molecular Genetics Basics.Techniques of interaction with Nucleic Acids. Genomic DNA extraction from different substrates. The Electrophoresis on Agarose and Poliacrilamide Gel. DNA in vitro amplification by P.C.R. Polymerase Chain Reaction. DNA Sanger's Sequencing Methodical . Automation of Sanger Methodology The Automatic DNA Sequencers. Practical examples of zootechnical and cinotechnical applications of the above-mentioned laboratory techniques.
3h The Individual, Genotype, Phenotype. Theories of inheritance. Mendel's Laws: Mendel's Experiments, Mono-hybrid Cross, Data Interpretation, Punnett's Square, POLYRIDISM EXPERIENCES. The chromosomal theory of inheritance. Pedigree analysis. Extensions of the Mendelian Analysis, Heredity of Individual Genes. Protein Function Explains Dominance Phenomenon. Incomplete Dominance, Co-dominance.
3h Penetrance and Expression, Chickens Polydactyly, Environment Internal and External, Age of Onset, Over-dominance. Multiples alleles. Inheritance of X-linked Genes. Diandria and Olandic inheritance. Pseudo Autosomal Genes, Sex Influenzed Genes. Sex Limited Genes. Lethal Alleles in Man, Sheep, Pig, Horse, Cat and Dog. Pleiotropic Effects of Genes. Genes Modifiers and Genics Interactions. Epistasis, Complementation. Recessive Epistasis in the Labrador Breed Coat Color. Genic redundancy. Genic linkage and Exchange. The Genetic Map Concept.
3h Extranuclear non-Mendelian inheritance. Maternal Effect, Epigenetic inheritance, Genomic Imprinting, Maternity, The Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genome Transmission Mode. Concepts Comparation of Maternal Effect and inheritance Maternal . The Endosymbiosis Theory. Genetic Polymorphisms and Origins of DNA Polymorphisms. Definition of Genetic Polymorphism, Definition of Genetic Variability. Use of Genetic Polymorphism to Selective Goals for the Genetic Improvement of Animal Production.
3h Genomic Markers SNP and STR Their Use. As it builds a genomic profile with STR markers. How Make a Parental Test. Traceability of meat and milk products. Traceability with Probabilistic Method.
3h Molecular Genetics Techniques and Statistical Methodologies. Individual and breed traceability of beef. The Breed Traceability of Bovine Milk and Derived Products Made with the Deterministic Method. Analysis of the polymorphism of genes that determine the coat color. The Traceability of Carcass and Milk Production in Sheep by Probabilistic Method and Deterministic Method
3h Complex genomic mapping. The Genomic map of the main species in livestock production. Applications in the field of zootechnics: Genetic Map, Chromosomic Map, Physic Map, Comparative Map. State of the art of the genomic map for: Ruminants, Pig, Equine, Chicken and Dog. QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI (QTL), MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION/ MARKER ASSISTED INTROGRESSION (MAS/MAI) GENOTYPE ASSISTED SELECTION (GAS). finding QTL using genomic markers.
3h The genetic basis of the dog's body size and conformation. The example of the study carried out in the "Portuguese Water Dog Breed". The particular case of the MSTN gene in the "Whippet Dog Breed". The QTL genetic basis of longevity of the dog and the correlation with the Body Size. QTL CFA 7; QTL CFA 8; QTL CFA10; QTL CFA 15; QTL CFA 34; QTL CFA23; QTL CFA 29; QTL CFA 9. Canine Olfactory Receptor Gene Polymorphysm. The polymorphism of SNP markers correlate whit the innate ability to detect particular olfactory molecules. The study of the genetic basis of hereditary diseases of the Dog and Livestock. Management of Genetic Diseases. Chromosomal anomalies. Monogenic pathologies and study approaches. Multifactorial pathologies and study approaches.
3h IDENTIFICATION OF THE GENES RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MAIN HEREDITARY DISEASES. Approach of MOLECULAR MARKERS for the research of the genetic bases of multifactorial pathologies, Epilepsy, Hip dysplasia etc. The "Gene candidate approach", the case of study of the PRA Progressive Retinal Dog Atrophy. Concepts at the base of Cytogenetics Methodologies and criteria for the study of chromosomes. Lyon effect. Barr Body Compensation for Gene Dosage, Barr Body, Molecular Basics of X-Chromosome Inactivation, Example of Coat Color in Calico Cat.
3h Cariotype and Ideogram in livestock and pets. Normal and abnormal Cariotypes in livestock and pets.: "Chromosomal aberrations. Alterations of Chromosomes Number: Polysomy and Polyploid. Alterations of Chromosomes structure. Deletions. Duplication. Pericentric and paracentric inversions. Mutual and robertsonian translocations. Molecular Cytogenetics and modern techniques of coromosome study .
PRACTICAL TRAINING: 5h
Seminars 3 h:Presentation of bibliographic material, links to sites related to the major research genetic centers and services for genetic testing used in the screening animal monofactorial diseases. Presentation of full-class classroom videos about the topics of genetics applied to the veterinary profession. Direct access and interaction by the student to the above mentioned material from a single PC or Mac station at the Computerized Laboratory of the Polo Infomatico Piagge using the Moodle computerized platform of the University of Pisa
Non clinical animal work 2h: Practical Full-class Practice and Single Group with HBDD Molecular Dogs RIS Roma Certified in Searching for Missing Persons Actually in the Subject of the Program Concerning the Genetic Bases of Dog Slain
Module 2 GENERAL ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETIC IMPROVEMENT - TOPIC Animal Production and breeding
Lectures: 30 h by using power point slides
(2 hours) Presentation of the course program. Definition of Biodiversity and Agro-Biodiversity and importance for the purposes of genetic improvement and zootechnics. Socio-economic importance of animal species destined for zootechnical production. The particular case of the Zootechnical Biodiversity in the Tuscany Region. FAO programs of genetic characterization of Biodiversity of animal species for income. Origins and History of Biodiversity of Farm Animals. Domestication: Process of domestication of farm animals. The Genetic Variability of Zootechnical Resources. Genetic flows from Prehistory to today. FAO report on the risk of extinction of animal species of income in the world.
• (1 hour) Concept and definition of species. Scientific Classification of Domestic Animal Species and zootechnical production. Classification of terrestrial mammals according to the structure of the limbs (Plantigrade, Digitigrade, Unguligrade) and examples of classification of mammals for pets and breeding and poultry for breeding. Classification of productive animal species in Polygastric and Monogastric. Concepts and Definitions of Livestock Breeding, Animal Population, Family, Line, Log, Hybrid and Meticcio. Classification of Breeding Breeds according to Production Attitude: Specialized Breeds, Dual-Breed Breeds and Rustic Breeds. Description of the breeds according to: General, Somatic, Productive, Reproductive, Pregi and Defects.
• (2 hours) Asinus Domesticus The Italian Asinine breeds, Bos Taurus, Bos Indicus. Classification of Bovine Breeds: Dairy Cattle, Beef Cattle, Double-Breasted Cattle, General characteristics of the aforesaid 3 types. The main breeds of cattle for milk, meat and dual-purpose national and international general characteristics, somatic characteristics, productive characteristics, reproductive characteristics. Capra Hiricus Alpine or European breeds, Asian breeds, Mediterranean breeds. The main Italian and foreign Caprine breeds General characteristics, somatic characteristics, productive characteristics, reproductive characteristics.
• (1 hour) Ovis Aries, the sheep breeding productions. The Milky Production, Carnea and the composition of sheep's fleece. The main Italian and foreign sheep breeds: general characteristics, somatic characteristics, productive characteristics, reproductive characteristics.
• (2 hours) The Improved International Suine breeds, the foreign breeds with limited diffusion in Italy, the Italian Autochthonous breeds: General characteristics, somatic characteristics, productive characteristics, reproductive characteristics. Systematic classification of the Horse, Evolutionary Classification. Classification of national and international equine breeds according to the structure and functional attitudes. Morphological description of the main National and International Equine breeds.
• (2 hours) Definition of Zootechnics. Importance of zootechnical knowledge for the veterinarian. The current importance of breeding, the evolution of breeding in the last 50 years. Conventional zootechny: positive and negative characteristics and implications. Animal welfare in animal husbandry. Evaluation of the environmental impact in animal husbandry. Biodynamic Husbandry and Integrated Supply Chain. Which animal husbandry for the future? Conventional Zootechny or Extensive Animal Husbandry? General Animal Husbandry: Basic Concepts and Zootechnical Terminology (Technical Glossary). Reproductive Sphere and importance of Reproductive Parameters and cycles in Livestock. Classification Criteria of Zootechnical Systems: Intensive, Semi-Intensive, Semi-extensive, Extensive breeding. Types of cattle breeding for milk and meat.
• (2 hours) lesson: The main Zootechnical Productions for the species: Bovine, Ovine, Caprina, Suina. Milk and its derivatives. Biological characteristics Physical chemist, milk composition, Protein, lipid, mineral. Biological and polluting constituents. Characteristics of lactation in the 4 ruminant zootechnical species. Production and reproductive cycle in dairy and meat cattle. The duration of lactation, and the Bovine Lactation Curve, Ovine, Caprina. Endogenous Factors and Exogenous Factors that influence milk production and quality. Zootechnical terminology of milk production. Meat production Physical and organoleptic characteristics of Bovine, Sheep, Swine. Factors influencing the chemical composition of meat. Biological bases of meat production. Weight and yield at slaughter. Slaughter. First meat processing. Commercial Evaluation. Meat production systems. Zootechnical terminology of the production of meat.
• (2 hours) Population genetics. Definition, Composition and Genetic Variability of a Population. Genetic mechanisms and evolutionary factors that affect a population. Importance of Variation in Time and Space. Allele Frequencies and Genotype Frequencies Calculation of allele frequencies for direct counting or starting from genotype frequencies. Hardy-Weinberg's law and respect for the proportions of Hardy-Weinberg. Hardy-Weinberg balance test. Forces that violate the proportions of Hardy-Weinberg. "Assortative mating" Positive and negative. Genetic Drift (random DG, Founder Effect and Bottlenek) Effective population size calculation of the Affective Number. Migration. Mutation (SNP INDEL Chromosomal Mutations). Selection (Purifying selection, Positive selection, Balancing selection). How to identify the action of selection at the genomic level.
• (2 hours) Hardy-Weinberg's law and respect for the proportions of Hardy-Weinberg. Hardy-Weinberg balance test. Forces that violate the proportions of Hardy-Weinberg. Migration. Mutation (SNP INDEL Chromosomal Mutations). Selection (Purifying selection, Positive selection, Balancing selection). How to identify the action of selection at the genomic level.
• (2 hours) The 2 levels of structuring of the selection of Animal Income Species in Italy: 1) ASSOCIATIONS OF BREED OR SPECIES, 2) ORGANIZATION OF BREEDERS. The Role of the Italian Breeders' Association in the Italian Zootechnical System. Genetic Improvement of Animal Species in Zootechnical Production. 1) the choice of the objectives of the Genetic Improvement in the species of income, 2) the study and description of the population being selected, Phenotypical Evaluation, Functional Controls, Linear Evaluation. 3) genetic evaluation of breeding animals; 4) choice of the criteria for improvement
• (2 hours) ANAFI Functional Controls ANABIC Functional Controls. The Linear Evaluation Evaluation Card for genetic improvement. Kinship and Consanguinity Definition and importance for the estimation of the genetic value of the reproducers. Basic Measures of Kinship. Calculation of Additive Parenthood and Consanguinity. Coefficient of Kinship of Wright method of Tracing the ways. The Kinship Inbreeding and Linebreeding Coefficient Tabular method. Matrix of Additive Parenthood and Identity Matrix. Genomic kinship determined by STR and SNP genomic markers.
• (2 hours) Quantitative Characters definition. Quantitative characters and the phenomena that regulate their inheritance. Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. Phenotypic classes of quantitative characters and distribution of the phenotypes. Normal distribution, Gaussian curve, Fashion, Phenotypical Mean Variance and Standard Deviation. Standardization of Observations and standardized Gaussian (Examples). Variance, Covariance, Variability associated with two variables: Correlation and Regression.
• (2 hours) lesson: The Infinitesimal genetic model, The elements of the model: The mean μ; The genetic effects (G); Genetic Variance. Additive Genetic Variance, Genetic Variance of Dominance and Genetic Variance of interaction. Examples of Variance of Dominance: Eterosis crossings in the 2 and 3-way Swine species, Rotation crossings; Crosses in the Bovina species. Interaction variance Examples of Epistasis for a QTL. The concept and estimation of Inheritability (h2), Response to selection and inheritability. Concept, estimation and use of repeatability. The Infinitesimal genetic model, The elements of the model: Environmental effects (E). Common and Individual Environmental Effects, Permanent and Temporary Environmental Effects. The Infinitesimal genetic model - Numerical examples on the production of a dairy cattle breeding.
(2 hours) Selection and genetic improvement: theoretical bases and practical implications. Selection systems: Massal (or phenotypic) Individual (ogenotypic). Evaluation of Geno-Morfo-Functional Reproducers. Concepts of "Genetic value" and "Breeding value". Traditional index and infinitesimal model. How to use the breeding value. Expected Progeny Difference (EPD) or Predicted Transmitting Ability (PTA). Estimation of the breeding value: Evaluation test to estimate the genetic value of an individual: Performance test, Pedigree index, Sib test, Progeny test, Combined test, Animal model. BLUP-ANIMAL MODEL. Some numerical examples for the calculation of the following indices: Taurus (and boar) index, Cow index (or for repeated productions). Numerical example BLUP-ANIMAL MODEL for the calculation of the EBV Estimated Breeding Value of some Italian Friesian breeds.
• (2 hours) Some examples of Genetic Indices for the main Beef and Milk Breeds and for the Swine species. ANABOTAPI the Breeding Index and the Meat Index for Bulls and Cows. ANABIC Genetic Index of Accrescimento, Genetic Index of Musculosity in the Calculation of the Selection Index of Taurus. Cow selection index: Morphology Index + IST. ANAFI the various selection indexes. ANAS Total Genetic Index and the various Genetic Indices (Examples). Effect of a gene on productions. SNP genotypes and quantitative measurement of the phenotype. Numerical examples (n ° piglets for litters and age at the first inspiration in the Suina species). Genomic Genomic Evaluation Breeding Value Index. Aggregate indices and Genomic Index (numerical examples). Single-Trait Index (ST) and Multiple-Trait (MT). Genomics and the implications for selection. Examples of methods and results obtained through Genomic Selection for the main Animal species in Zootechnical Production.
• (2 hours) Selective Patterns in Genetic Enhancement. Selection Core, Chisuo Core Selective Schemes and Open Core. ANAFI Italian Friesian Selective Scheme. ANABIC Selective Scheme Cattle Breeds Maremmana and Podolica Stallions and Rustic Breeds. Selection Response: Selection Intensity, Accuracy, Generation Interval. Selection Response in Complex Conditions. Numerical Examples. Response to the Expected and Observed Selection Numerical examples. Selection response for multiple characters: Tandem selection, Selection index Aggregate H, Selection for multiple characters with independent reject thresholds. Estimation of the genetic progress Numerical examples. Selection limits. The Bulmer effect. Cloning of animals in zootechnical production to increase the selection pressure in the Feminine line. In vivo embryo production (MOET). Cloning Methods: Blastomere Dissociation, Embryonic Splitting, Somatic Nuclear Transfer.
PRACTICAL TRAINING: 10h
Laboratory and desk-based work 6 h At the Informatized Lab of the Polo Piagge on Moodle Computerized Platform of the University of Pisa. From the computerized material provided, the student will interact through the connection to the sites of the main genetic centers for animal selection working in Italy, to compile the linear phenotypic evaluation method at the basis of the plans for the calculation of the genetic indexes for the purposes genetic improvement.
Laboratory and desk-based work 4 h Laboratory and desk-based work at the Piagge Polo Computer Laboratory on Moodle Computerized Platform at the University of Pisa. Recognition of Bovine, Sheep, Goat, Horses, Pigs, Avicole breeds and verification of the student's knowledge of their respective production attitudes and breeding technologies. Interaction of the student with the sites of gentic centers of selection for the identification of the main existing genetic tests used in the screening of the mono-factorial pathologies for all the animal species listed above - the subdivision into groups of 4 students will allow the students involved in the exercise to whole class to perform concurrent exercises related to the topics listed above for groups of different species.
GENETICA VETERINARIA
Principi di Genetica di Robert J. Booker e A. Russo McGraw-Hill Education (Italy) srl
Biologia Vol 2 L' Ereditarietà ed il Genoma di David Sadava, David M Hillis H. Craiig Heller e Sally Hacker
Zanichelli Editore quinta Edizione Italiana condotta sull'11ma edizione Americana.
eBook Multimediale Scaricabile con capitoli interattivi e Filmati visionabili anche da Smartphone
Il Materiale relativo alle lezioni tenute ed alle esercitazioni, nonchè la bibliografia più attuale relativa agli argomenti trattati durante il corso sono a disposizione dello studente in formato PDF presso la piattaforma Elearning del Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie. https://elearning.vet.unipi.it/
ZOOTECNICA GENERALE E MIGLIORAMENTO GENETICO- ZOOTECNICA GENERALE E MIGLIORAMENTO GENETICO
“Genetica Animale- Applicazioni zootecniche e veterinarie.” Giulio Pagnacco Seconda Edizione. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana.
"Selezione Genomica della Vacca da latte - Dove Siamo e Dove Andiamo" Fabiola Canavesi Edizioni Le Point Veterinaire Italie
Il Materiale relativo alle lezioni tenute ed alle esercitazioni, nonchè la bibliografia più attuale relativa agli argomenti trattati durante il corso sono a disposizione dello studente in formato PDF presso la piattaforma Elearning del Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie. https://elearning.vet.unipi.it/
VETERINARY GENETICS TOPIC General and molecular genetics
The material for lessons and exercises, as well as the most current bibliography on the subjects covered during the course, are available to the student in PDF format at the Elearning Platform of the Department of Veterinary Sciences. https://elearning.vet.unipi.it/
Principi di Genetica di Robert J. Booker e A. Russo McGraw-Hill Education (Italy) srl
"Life: The Science of Biology" 11Edition 2017 by Oxford University Press
David Sadava, David M Hillis H. Craiig Heller and Sally Hacker
Downloadable Multimedia eBook with interactive chapters and movies that can also be viewed from a Smartphone
GENERAL ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETIC IMPROVEMENT TOPIC Animal Production and breeding
The material for lessons and exercises, as well as the most current bibliography on the subjects covered during the course, are available to the student in PDF format at the Elearning Platform of the Department of Veterinary Sciences. https://elearning.vet.unipi.it/.
"Animal Genetics - Zootechnical and veterinary applications." Giulio Pagnacco Second Edition. Ambrosiana Publishing House.
"Genomic Selection of the Dairy Cow - Where We Are and Where wil Go" Fabiola Canavesi Editions Le Point Veterinaire Italie
Il corso è a frequenza obbligatoria attestata mediante il recupero delle firme in aula. Gli studenti lavoratori e gli studenti con specifici problemi possono richiedere al Corso di Laurea esenzioni specifiche della frequenza.
VETERINARY GENETICS TOPIC General and molecular genetics
GENERAL ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETIC IMPROVEMENT TOPIC Animal Production and breeding
Assisting lectures and practical sessions is mandatory unless specific authorization had been approved by the establishment.
GENETICA VETERINARIA Area Tematica "Genetica generale e molecolare"-La prova di Esame viene effettuata in modalità informatizzata presso il Polo Tecnologico 5 Dell'Università di Pisa su Piattaforma informatizzata Moodle dell'Università di Pisa. Il compito è composto da Domande a risposta multipla ed in formato chiuso.
ZOOTECNICA GENERALE E MIGLIORAMENTO GENETICO - Area Tematica Produzione animale e allevamento
La prova di Esame viene effettuata in modalità informatizzata presso il Polo Tecnologico 5 Dell'Università di Pisa su Piattaforma informatizzata Moodle dell'Università di Pisa. Il compito è composto sia da Domande a risposta multipla ed in formalto chiuso che da domande che prevedono lo svolgimento per step successivi di esercizi.
VETERINARY GENETICS - TOPIC General and molecular genetics The Exam Testing is performed in computerized form at the at the Computerized Laboratory of the Polo Infomatico Piagge using the Moodle computerized platform of the University of Pisa. The task is composed of multiple-choice and closed-ended questions.
GENERAL ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETIC IMPROVEMENT - TOPIC Animal Production and breeding
The Exam Testing is performed in computerized form at the at the Computerized Laboratory of the Polo Infomatico Piagge using the Moodle computerized platform of the University of Pisa. The task is composed of both Multiple-Answered and Closed-All Questions, and questions that involve performing for subsequent work phases.
https://elearning.vet.unipi.it/
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http://www.agraria.org/zootecnia.htm
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https://www.unirelab.it/
http://www.anagrafeequidi.it/menu.php?
https://elearning.vet.unipi.it/
http://lbg.vet.unipi.it/
http://www.anabic.it/
http://www.anaborapi.it/
http://www.anarb.it/
http://www.anapri.eu/
http://www.anas.it/
http://geni.anas.it/
http://www.assonapa.it/index.asp
http://www.anafi.it/
http://www.agraria.org/zootecnia.htm
http://www.enci.it/
http://www.anagrafenazionalefelina.it/razze.php
https://www.unirelab.it/
http://www.anagrafeequidi.it/menu.php?
GENETICA VETERINARIA Area Tematica "Genetica generale e molecolare"- Ricevimento Studenti su appuntamento richiesto e concordato tramite messaggio email al Docente
ZOOTECNICA GENERALE E MIGLIORAMENTO GENETICO - Area Tematica Produzione animale e allevamento
Ricevimento Studenti su appuntamento richiesto e concordato tramite messaggio email al Docente
VETERINARY GENETICS TOPIC General and molecular genetics
GENERAL ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETIC IMPROVEMENT TOPIC Animal Production and breeding
- Receiving Students by appointment requested and agreed by email to the Teacher
