ECTS - University of Pisa
L’obiettivo del corso è quello di fornire allo studente le conoscenze per interpretare in chiave biochimica i processi biologici, nello specifico al fine di:
- comprendere il contesto chimico, fisico e biologico in cui si inseriscono le molecole organiche
- comprendere le caratteristiche chimiche degli organismi viventi e le correlazioni tra struttura e funzione delle macromolecole fondamentali per la biologia della vita
- comprendere l’importanza di processi biochimici applicati allo specifico ambito delle Scienze Motorie: ovvero la biochimica della contrazione muscolare, la regolazione dei meccanismi energetici del muscolo, il controllo ormonale delle vie metaboliche muscolari ed il cross-talk biochimico tra muscolo, fegato e gli altri organi.
The aim of the course is to provide the student with the knowledge to interpret biological processes in a biochemical key, specifically in order to:
- understand the chemical, physical and biological context in which organic molecules are inserted
- understand the chemical characteristics of living organisms and the correlations between the structure and function of macromolecules fundamental for the biology of life
- understand the importance of biochemical processes applied to the specific area of Motor Sciences: namely the biochemistry of muscle contraction, the regulation of the energy mechanisms of the muscle, the hormonal control of the muscular metabolic pathways and the biochemical cross-talk between muscle, liver and other organs.
La verifica delle conoscenze avverrà nella forma dell’esame scritto, che sarà contestuale per tutti i moduli che compongono il corso, oltre che attraverso gli incontri docente-studenti, il ricevimento e alla verifica con piccoli test informali durante le ore di lezione.
The verification of knowledge will take place in the form of the written exam, which will be contextual for all the modules that make up the course, as well as through teacher-student meetings, reception and verification with small informal tests during class hours.
Al termine del corso lo studente avrà acquisito le competenze per affrontare l’esame finale e le conoscenze per applicare i principi di biochimica alle tematiche relative al proprio percorso di studi.
Al termine del corso lo studente avrà acquisito le competenze per affrontare l’esame finale e le conoscenze per applicare i principi di biochimica alle tematiche relative al proprio percorso di studi.
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Si richiede la conoscenza dei principi di chimica generale, chimica organica e citologia.
La capacità critica degli studenti verrà stimolata anche con lezioni interattive, video e cvolloqui individuali.
Delivery: face to face
Learning activities:
Attendance: Mandatory
Teaching methods:
PROGRAMMA DI CHIMICA
PROGRAMMA DI BIOCHIMICA
The course provides notions on Introductory Chemistry and Biochemistry. The first part of the course will develop general knowledge of basic Chemistry to facilitate the understanding of the vital phenomena that occur in living organisms. In this form will be provided the basic concepts of General Chemistry, such as Elementary atomic theory, Periodic Table, Chemical bonding, Stoichiometry, Gas low, Solubility, Acid-base chemistry; followed by basic concepts of Organic Chemistry, such as Carbon atom and hybridization, Functional groups and their reactivity. The second part of the course focuses on General Biochemistry. In this form will be provided the basic concepts about the structure and function of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates and the student will learn the major cellular metabolic pathways necessary for vital functions and for the maintenance of health.
CHEMISTRY PROGRAM
Atoms and molecules. Atomic structure: atomic number, atomic mass, isotopes, quantum numbers. Periodic table of the elements. The concept of mole. Chemical bond: ionic bond, covalent, dative, metallic and intermolecular bonds. Valence and oxidation number. Nomenclature of inorganic compounds. The states are aggregation of matter. Solutions and colligative properties. Expression of the concentration of solutions. Osmotic pressure. Isotonic and isosmotic solutions.
Chemical reactions: the concept of reaction, reaction rate, chemical equilibrium and factors influencing it. Types of reactions: oxidation reduction and non-oxidation reduction. Acids and bases: the pH. Buffer solutions.
Elements of organic chemistry: carbon in organic compounds, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, phenols, carbonyl compounds, carboxylic acids, esters, amines, amides, amino acids
BIOCHEMISTRY PROGRAM
Introduction to the concept and general organization of metabolism: homeostasis, anabolism and catabolism.
Energy aspects: the concept of coupled reaction and the ATP molecule. Role of acetyl-CoA. The biochemical concept of breathing.
Proteins: primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure. General properties and functions. The structure of the heme. Structure and function of myoglobin and hemoglobin. The binding of oxygen to myoglobin and hemoglobin and binding cooperativity. The Bohr effect. Fetal hemoglobin. Enzymes: Notes on the kinetics of enzymatic catalysis. The factors influencing the reaction rate. Coenzymes. Isozymes. Inhibition of enzymatic activity: competitive and non-competitive inhibitors. The regulation of enzymatic activity. Allosteric enzymes. Regulation of enzymes by covalent modification.
Carbohydrates: monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides. Structure of starch, glycogen and cellulose. Carbohydrate metabolism: glycolysis, metabolic fate of pyruvate in the presence and absence of oxygen, gluconeogenesis, glycogen metabolism.
Lipids: definition and classification. Triglycerides and membrane lipids. Cholesterol and derivatives. Lipid metabolism: lipolysis, beta-oxidation of fatty acids, ketogenesis, synthesis of fatty acids and triglycerides. Notes on the metabolism and transport of cholesterol.
The common final pathway of metabolism: Krebs cycle. Respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Thermogenesis.
Amino acid metabolism: metabolic fate of the amino group and the carbonaceous skeleton of amino acids. Glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids. Essential and non-essential amino acids. Synthesis of urea.
Tissue-specific metabolisms: -Skeletal muscle: contraction and its biochemical and hormonal regulation. Liver, fatty tissue, heart muscle and skeletal muscle, brain and blood.
Il materiale didattico sarà disponibile su e-learning di UNIPI.
Letture consigliate per chimica:
1) Massimo Stefani e Niccolò Taddei Chimica, Biochimica e Biologia Applicata Ed Freeman
2) Raggi Antonio Chimica e Propedeutica Biochimica, ETS
Lettura consigliata per biochimica:
1) Tymoczko JL; Berg JM; Stryer L. Principi di biochimica, Zanichelli
2) Nelson DL; Cox MM. Introduzione alla biochimica di Lehninger, Zanichelli
3) Di Giulio A.; Fiorilli A.; Stefanelli C. Biochimica per le scienze motorie, CEA
The teaching material will be available on UNIPI e-learning.
Recommended reading for Chemistry:
1) Massimo Stefani and Niccolò Taddei Chemistry, Biochemistry and Applied Biology Ed Freeman
2) Raggi Antonio Chimica e Propedeutica Biochimica, ETS
Recommended reading for Biochemistry:
1)Tymoczko JL; Berg JM; Stryer L. Principi di Biochimica, Zanichelli
2) Nelson DL; Cox MM. Introduzione alla Biochimica di Lehninger, Zanichelli
3) Di Giulio A.; Fiorilli A.; Stefanelli C. Biochimica per le Scienze Motorie, CEA
E' possibile reperire il materiale didattico su e-learning e studiare sui testi consigliati.
L'esame prevede una prova scritta contestuale per chimica e biochimica. E' pertanto necessario il superamento contestuale delle due parti, che costituiscono un solo esame.
The exam includes a contextual written test for chemistry and biochemistry. It is therefore necessary to pass simultaneously the two parts, which constitute a single examination.
