ECTS - University of Pisa
Gli studenti acquisiranno conoscenza sulle principali tecniche di propagazione delle piante di interesse agrario, officinale e medicinale, dalla propagazione in vitro allo scale uo in bioreattori Il corso fornirà le conoscenze su alcuni aspetti biotecnologici per lo studio dei processi fisiologico-molecolari che regolano la produzione e la composizione organolettica, con particolare riferimento alla produzione dei metaboliti di interesse alimentare (nutraceutico e biofortification), farmaceutico.
Fornire le conoscenze per il risanamento ambientale (phytoremediation) e sulla coltivazione di alghe per phycoremediation e per la produzione di metaboliti.
The student who completes the course successfully will be able to demonstrate a solid knowledge of the main issues related to crop productions and biotechnologies applied along the whole processes of crop production. He or she will acquire basic knowledge of agricultural systems, field crops, fundamental of agro-ecosystem structure and operating principles, differences among agricultural techniques, cropping system and farming systems, physical components of the agro-ecosystem, agricultural input management, principles on architecture and life cycle of fruit trees and relative plant propagation techniques, fruit development and control of fruiting and production, molecular markers for fruit trees varietal, genetic improvement and functional characterization of genes involved in fruit organoleptic composition, alternative cropping systems for the production of metabolites of interest in food, pharmaceutical and for environmental remediation, main techniques of in vitro cultures.
The student who completes the course successfully will be able to demonstrate a solid knowledge of the main issues related to crop productions and biotechnologies applied along the whole processes of crop production. He or she will acquire basic knowledge of agricultural systems, field crops, fundamental of agro-ecosystem structure and operating principles, differences among agricultural techniques, cropping system and farming systems, physical components of the agro-ecosystem, agricultural input management, principles on architecture and life cycle of fruit trees and relative plant propagation techniques, fruit development and control of fruiting and production, molecular markers for fruit trees varietal, genetic improvement and functional characterization of genes involved in fruit organoleptic composition, alternative cropping systems for the production of metabolites of interest in food, pharmaceutical and for environmental remediation, main techniques of in vitro cultures.
Iniziale discussione in classe sugli argomenti trattati nelle lezioni precedenti. In sede di esame finale si verificheranno le conoscenze acquisite con interrogazione orale e con la 'esposizione di un lavoro di approfondimento concordato col docente
Final oral exam with oral discussion on the eventual student report on specific research activities relevant for the subject of the course unit.
During the oral exam the student must be able to demonstrate his/her knowledge of the course material and be able to discuss the reading matter thoughtfully and with propriety of expression. With the eventual oral discussion on the report the student must demonstrate the ability to approach a circumscribed research problem, and organise an effective exposition of the results.
During the oral exam the student must be able to demonstrate his/her knowledge of the course material and be able to discuss the reading matter thoughtfully and with propriety of expression. With the eventual oral discussion on the report the student must demonstrate the ability to approach a circumscribed research problem, and organise an effective exposition of the results.
Methods:
Further information:
Oral discussion on the eventual student report on specific research activities relevant for the subject of the course unit.
Al termine del corso gli studenti saranno in grado di affrontare discussioni sulle principali problematiche delle produzioni vegetali e individuare le possibili soluzioni di tipo biotecnologico per poter migliorare i sistemi agricoli. Inoltre sartà in grado di:
At the end of the course the student will be able to discuss the main issues plant production and identify possible biotechnological solutions to improve agricultural systems.
The student will be to conduct research and analysis of the sources (use of search engines, scopus, pubmed, sci finder, google scholar) and to present in a written report the results of the project activity carried out within the project agreed with the teacher.
Discussione con lo studente su casi pratici al fine di verificare la sua capacità di individuare le problematiche di un sistema agricolo e suggerirne un possibile supporto di tipo biotecnologico, la sua capacità a documentarsi, preparare, scrivere e presentare una relazione che riporti i risultati dell'attività di progetto concordato con il docente. La presentazione verrà effettuata con l'ausilio di mezzi audiovisivi
Discussion about a practical case studies in order to verify its ability to identify the problems of an agricultural system and suggest a possible biotechnological support, its ability to document, prepare, write and present a report that reports the results of the " Project activities agreed with the teacher.
Lo studente potrà acquisire e/o sviluppare sensibilità alle problematiche inerenti le applicazioni delle biotecnologie verdi: sviluppo in campo farmaceutico, applicazioni in campo nutraceutico, di alimentazione e biofortification, di bonifica ambientale
The student will be able to acquire and / or develop sensitivity to issues related to agricultural system issues and possible low environmental impact biotechnology solutions.
Durante l'esame finale e le sessioni di laboratorio saranno valutati il grado di padronandza, accuratezza e precisione delle attività svolte.
During the final exam and laboratory sessions, the degree of accuracy and precision of the activities will be evaluated
Non è richiesta l'indicazione di eventuali propeduticità consigliate o obbligatorie ma un elenco di argomenti ritenuti utili/necessari: fisiologia vegetale, biologia vegetale, nozioni di base di biologia molecolare.
It is not required to indicate any recommended or mandatory propedeutics but a list of topics considered useful / necessary: plant physiology, plant biology, molecular biology basics.
Delivery: face to face
Learning activities:
Attendance: Advised
Teaching methods:
Delivery: face to face
Attendance: Advised
Learning activities:
Teaching methods:
1- Peculiarità delle cellule vegetali per la proliferazione di tessuti e organi: concetto di totipotenza, multipotenza, unipotenza e differenziamento.
2-nozioni sulle principali tecniche di colture in vitro di cellule, tessuti e organi di specie vegetali,
3-Metodi per incrementare la produzione di metaboliti secondari dalle colture cellulari,
4- scale-up di colture in vitro: i bioreattori.
5- Biotrasformazioni: metodologie per la trasformazione genica di cellule vegetali; infezione con Agrobacterium .
6- uso di colture in vitro vegetali per produrre metaboliti di interesse nutraceutico, farmacologico, cosmetico
7- nozioni fondamentali sui sistemi colturali alternativi per la produzione di metaboliti di interesse alimentare:
8- la biofortificatio: casi studio-
9- uso di cellule vegetali o alghe per "biofactory" e loro applicazioni in campo farmaceutico, nutraceutico-
-la plasticità delle piante nella risposta agli stress (tolleranza, resistenza, resilienza): caratterizzazione fisiologico-molecolare per la selezione di proprietà utili.
- Uso delle piante nella salvaguardia ambientale: biomonitoraggio e bioindicatori. Saggi eco- e fito-tossicologici, le guide OECD.
- La capacità di assorbimento, degradazione e metabolizzazione di metalli e xenobioti (biomitigazione e bonifica mediante la biotecnologia “phytoremediation”), dalla singola cellula alla pianta intera.
- peculiarità delle alghe
- L'uso delle alghe per lil risanamento ambientale (phycoremediation
- le alghe come nuove biofabbriche
Le esercitazioni prevedono la realizzazione di protocolli colturali con scopo:
micropropagazione di piantine
colture in vitro di biomasse indifferenziate (callo , sospensioni cellulari)
produzione di hairy roots per produzione di metaboliti specifici,
tecniche idroponiche per la biofortification
phytoremediation e phycoremediation (colture di piante erbacee o alghe)
pianificazione di test e biosaggi ecotossicologici,
determinazione di alcuni indici e/o biomarkers utili per il monitoraggio ambientale.
Uso di tecnologie informatiche per approfondire lo studio sugli argomenti trattati.
MODULO: Agricultural systems and Fundaments of plant productions
Agricultural systems. The course will deal with: (i) national agricultural systems; (ii) field crops: cultivation areas, productivity, quality and final utilization; (iii) fundamental of agro-ecosystem structure and operating principles; differences among agricultural techniques, cropping system and farming systems; (iv) physical components of the agro-ecosystem (soil, water and climate); (v) agricultural input management: crop rotation, soil tillage, mineral and organic fertilization, weed control, irrigation.
Fundaments of plant productions. Principles on the structure, architecture and life cycle of fruit trees. Main plant propagation techniques of agricultural interest, with particular reference to vegetative propagation, including nursery activities, and the use of in vitro cultures as an instrument for clonal propagation (micropropagation, recovery of immature embryos, somatic embryogenesis, artificial seed germplasm preservation). Fruit development and control of fruiting and production. Some aspects of molecular genetics applied to fruit tree species: molecular markers for varietal and clonal identification, QTL, genetic improvement and functional characterization of genes involved in fruit organoleptic composition. Will be examined case studies of which will be highlighted objectives, advantages and possible problems arising from the application of the different procedures.
MODULO: Biotechnological applications
Peculiarities of plant cells for the proliferation of tissues and organs: concept of totipotency, multipotency, unipotency and differentiation. 2- in vitro culture: main techniques (use of solid and suspension cultures, including bioreactor scale-ups) 3 - methods of genetic modification for plant cells; the role of vir genes for the infection with Agrobacterium 4 - Provide basic knowledge on alternative crop systems for the production of metabolites of food interest 5. Cultivation and biotechnology systems for biofortification- 6 use of plant cells or algae for biofactory and their pharmaceutical, nutraceutical purposes 7 systems for Environmental phytoremediation: use of plants and algae.
The exercise in the laborarotry provide the production of culturing protocols for the purpose of biofortification, phytoremediation (herbaceous plant cultures or algae) of micropropagation and biomass (calluses, cellular suspensions) production of hairy rotos for the production of specific metabolites. Use of computer technology to deepen the study on the topics discussed.
The couse provides the main knowledge related to cropping systems, factors of production and agronomic techniques, with particular reference to crop rotation, soil tillage, mineral and organic fertilization, weed control, irrigation, in order to provide guidance on cultivation techniques and programs for genetic improvement of specific agronomic characters strong implication and food. Educate students on the main plant propagation techniques for plants of agricultural interest, including in vitro propagation and utilization of plants as "biofactory" highlighting the purposes, problems, procedures and benefits. Provide knowledge on some biotechnological aspects to study molecular genetic processes that regulate the production and organoleptic composition of products, with particular reference to the production of metabolites of interest for nutrition (nutraceutical and biofortification), pharmaceutical and environmental remediation (phytoremediation).
Testi consigliati
- Rao R, Leone A- Biotecnologie e genomica delle piante. Idelson –Gnocchi ed. 2014.
- Pasqua G. et al. Biologia cellulare & biotecnologie vegetali, Padova, Piccin. 2011.
- articoli scientifici indicati dal docente al termine delle lezioni tratti dalle principali riviste internazionali:
Pdf delle lezioni disponibili sulla piattafroma e-alearning
MODULO: Sistemi agricoli e Fondamenti di produzioni vegetali
Testi consigliati
Arboricoltura generale. Pàtron. Ottobre 2012
MODULO: Applicazioni biotecnologiche Sitemi agricoli e Fondamenti di produzioni vegetali
Testi consigliati
Rao R, Leone A- Biotecnologie e genomica delle piante. Idelson –Gnocchi ed. 2014.
Pasqua G. et al. Biologia cellulare & biotecnologie vegetali, Padova, Piccin. 2011.
Recommended reading includes the following works: pdf of face-to-face lectures. Further bibliography will be indicated.
Recommended reading includes the following works: pdf of face-to-face lectures. Further bibliography will be indicated.
Pdf delle lezioni disponibili sulla piattafroma e-alearning
Verifica finale orale obbligatoria Voto in trentesimi.
L'esame finale prevede un colloquio orale ed è prevista la presentazione orale con ausilio di mezzi audiovisivi inerente il progetto scritto presentato, su un argomento specifico concordato con il docente.
Il docente si riserva di porre domande di approfondimento sull'argomento scelto.
Mandatory final oral examination Voting in thirty-eight.
The final exam is for an oral interview of the AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS AND BASICS OF VEGETABLE PRODUCTION.
For the BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATION module, the oral presentation will be provided with audiovisual media on the written project submitted, on a specific topic agreed with the teacher. The teacher reserves the right to ask questions about the topic chosen.
