ECTS - University of Pisa
VALUTAZIONE DEL RISCHIO PER LA SALUTE
Gli studenti acquisiranno una conoscenza di base dell'epidemiologia e della prevenzione delle malattie, nonché della metodologia di analisi del rischio sulla salute con particolare attenzione alle patologie infettive e non. Gli studenti approfondiranno le conoscenze su specifici rischi legati agli alimenti, alle matrici ambientali (acqua, aria interna ed esterna) e agli ambienti di lavoro nonchè all'applicazione di approcci molecolari.
HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
The students will acquire a basic knowledge of epidemiology and prevention of diseases, as well as of health risk analysis methodology in particular for infectious and no infectious diseases. He/She improve the knowledges related to food, environmental and occupational risks and the application of molecular methods on the field.
MICROBIOLOGY AND MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
The student who successfully completes the course will be able to demonstrate a solid knowledge of cellular and molecular organization of the main groups of Eubacteria and Archea, Virus and Yeast; He/She will gain a general knowledge of microbial physiology, genome organization, and of the main methods leading to genetic manipulation for biotechnological purposes, as well as of virulence/pathogenicity factors of microorganisms and how they interact with the host.
Durante la discussione per l’esame orale sarà verificata la conoscenza della materia, con una particolare attenzione sulla capacità di sapersi orientare nel quadro dei diversi aspetti trattati durante il corso. Lo studente dovrà dimostrare le sue conoscenze attraverso una terminologia appropriata ed uno spirito critico.
HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
During the oral exam, the student’s knowledge of the subject will be verified, with particular attention to the ability to apply the different themes if the course. The student will have to demonstrate her/his knowledge using appropriate language and a critical understanding of the topics covered during the course.
MICROBIOLOGY AND MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
The student will be assessed with a final oral exam.
Alla fine del corso lo studente sarà in grado di pianificare piani di valutazione del rischio per gli ambienti di vita e di lavoro, attraverso le sue fasi fondamentali: identificazione e caratterizzazione del pericolo, valutazione dell'esposizione e valutazione del rischio, utilizzando metodi tradizionali e innovativi.
HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
At the end of the course, the student will be able to plan the risk assessment for life and working settings, through its basic phases: hazard identification and characterization, exposure assessment and risk evaluation, using traditional and innovative methods.
MICROBIOLOGY AND MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
The student will be able to understand and discuss ther structure of microbial cells, and the basics of genetic manipulation of microorganisms for biotechnological purposes
Durante l'esame orale lo studente sarà stimolato a risolvere problematiche legate alla valutazione del rischio per la salute con le basi fornite da corso.
HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
During the oral exam students will be encouraged to solve health risk assessment problems by the course provided methods
MICROBIOLOGY AND MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
The student will be assessed on his/her demonstrated ability to discuss the main course contents using the appropriate terminology.
Lo studente potrà acquisire competenze nell'organizzazione di un lavoro di analisi di rischio ed interpretazione dati.
HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
Students will acquire skills in organizing in health risk analysis and data interpretation
MICROBIOLOGY AND MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Students will acquire and/or develop an awareness of microbial cell organization and physiologyas well as of microbial biotechnology
L’acquisizione dei comportamenti verrà rilevata durante tutta la durata del corso. Nello specifico sarà valutata positivamente la partecipazione in aula e la proposta di temi di discussione legati alla valutazione del rischio per la salute.
HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
The demonstration of appropriate behaviour will be observed throughout the duration of the course. Specifically, the participation in the classroom and the proposal of discussion topics related to health risk assessment will be positively evaluated.
MICROBIOLOGY AND MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
During the oral exam students will be evaluated based on the ability to appropiately discuss the topics of the course
Per una migliore comprensione degli argomenti del corso, è raccomandato che la formazione degli studenti includa elementi di di base legate alla biologia.
Lo studente è invitato a verificare l'esistenza di eventuali propedeuticità consultando il Regolamento del Corso di studi relativo al proprio anno di immatricolazione. Un esame sostenuto in violazione delle regole di propedeuticità è nullo (Regolamento didattico d’Ateneo, art. 24, comma 3).
HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
For a better understanding of course topics, it is recommended that students' background will include basis knowledges of biology.
MICROBIOLOGY AND MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Basic Knowledge of citology
Students are invited to verify the existence of any prerequisites by consulting the Regulations of the Study Program relating to their year of enrolment. An exam taken in violation of the preparatory rules is void (University teaching regulations, art. 24, paragraph 3).
Il corso si svolgerà con lezioni frontali in italiano con ausilio di slides che saranno a disposizione sul sito elearning. Le comunicazioni con gli studenti saranno effettuate tramite ricevimento e posta elettronica.
HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
The course will be held by lectures with slides in english language, shared on the elearning website. The communication with students will be possible through email.
MICROBIOLOGY AND MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Lectures with slides and active discussion. Slides will be uploaded on the moodle e-learning website.
Basi per la valutazione del rischio per la salute
Metodologia epidemiologica
Principi generali di epidemiologia
Epidemiologia e prevenzione delle malattie infettive
Epidemiologia e prevenzione delle malattie non infettive.
Analisi del rischio per la salute pubblica
Valutazione del rischio per la salute (identificazione del pericolo, caratterizzazione del pericolo, valutazione dell'esposizione, caratterizzazione del rischio)
Gestione del rischio sanitario
Comunicazione del rischio sanitario
Applicazioni specifiche dell'analisi di rischio: Alimenti, matrici ambientali (acqua, aria interna ed esterna) e ambienti di lavoro
Applicazione dell'epidemiologia molecolare, dei sensori e dei biomarcatori e dell'informatica all'analisi del rischio in sanità pubblica
HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
Basis for the health risk assessment
Epidemiological methodology
General principles of epidemiology
Epidemiology and prevention of infectious diseases
Epidemiology and prevention of no communicable diseases.
Risk analysis for public health
Health Risk Assessment (Hazard identification, Hazard characterization, Exposure assessment, Risk characterization)
Health risk management
Health risk communication
Specific applications of risk analysis: Foods, Environmental matrices (water, indoor and outdoor air) and working settings
Application of molecular epidemiology, of sensors and biomarkers and of information technology to risk analysis in public health
MICROBIOLOGY AND MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Taxonomy and classification of bacteria. Eubacteria, Archaea and Eukaryotes. Characteristics of cocci and bacilli. Cell and colony morphology.
The bacterial cell wall, functions and general characteristics. Structure and organisation of peptidoglycan. Biosynthesis of murein: cytoplasmic phase, membrane phase and post-translocation in the extracellular compartment. Biogenesis of the bacterial wall. Structure and chemical composition of the cell wall in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Peptidoglycan, periplasm, teichoic, lipoteichoic and teicuronic acids in Gram positive bacteria. Periplasmic compartment, role of periplasmic proteins, outer membrane in Gram negative bacteria. The lipopolysaccharide, structure and composition. Biological effects of LPS.
Structure and function of porin proteins. Translocation and assembly of the molecules constituting the outer membrane (porins, lipoproteins and LPS). Peculiarities: cell wall of Mycobacteria and Chlamydia spp. The cell wall of the Archaeabacteria (features and different types). Antibiotics active on the bacterial cell wall and drug resistance.
The plasma membrane in Eubacteria and Archaea. Bacterial mesosomes. Antibiotics active on the cell membrane (Polymyxins, Lipopeptides, Polyenes) The protoplast: bacterial cytoplasm, cytoskeleton and ribosomes. Antibiotics active on protein synthesis. Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies: characteristics, nature and functions.
The capsule as a virulence factor. Methods to highlight its presence in the laboratory. The bacterial spore: life cycle of a spore-forming bacterium, peculiarities, structure and position of the spore. Sporulation stages. Spore structure. Activation, germination and outgrowth.
Organization of bacterial genomes. The nucleoid and plasmids.
Protein secretion in bacteria. The SRP systems. TAT secretion system. ABC Conveyors. "One-step" and "two-step" models of secretion. Type II-IX secretion systems: general characteristics and peculiarities. Type VII (or ESX) systems in mycobacteria: characteristics and functions.
The bacterial flagellum: structure, biosynthesis and rotation. Bacterial movement and taxis. Chemotaxis. Molecular mechanisms underlying chemotaxis.
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Measurement of the turbidity of a bacterial culture, evaluation of bacterial growth through the measurement of the optical identity (indirect measurement); direct methods total count, viable cell count. Graphical representation of bacterial growth. Latency phase, exponential growth phase (generation time calculation), stationary and death phases.
Genetic variability in bacteria. The mutation. Homologous, site specific and illegitimate recombination. Horizontal gene transfer: tansformation, conjugation and transduction. Transformation: physiological conditions and molecular mechanisms responsible for the induction of the state of competence and the DNA uptake via tansformation.
Conjugation. The F plasmid of Escherichia coli as paradigm of conjugative plasmids . Main steps and variants of the conjugative process, and their evolutionary implication.
Phage-mediated DNA transduction. Morphological and structural characteristics of phages. Replicative cycle of virulent phages and lysogenic cycle of temperate phages. Generalized and specialized transduction. The fate of molecules acquired by horizontal gene transfer: outline of restriction/modification systems and CRSPR/Cas systems. General characteristics of transposons and their application in microbial biotechnologies.
Gene editing in bacteria: main strategies for selective bacterial gene inactivation or modification
Gene editing in bacteria part II: genetic circuits for the expression and release of target molecules by engineered bacteria.
Main approaches for the biocontainment of engineered microorganisms.
Host-parasite interaction. Commensalism and parasitism. Events associated with the onset of a disease: contagion, adhesion, invasion, infection and disease. Virulence factors and bacterial pathogenicity. The exotoxins. Exotoxins vs endotoxins.
Cytolytic toxins, A-B toxins. Examples of toxin with a complex biological action: diphtheria toxin. Mechanism of action of cholera toxin and neurotoxins (tetanus and botulinum) Bacillus anthracis exotoxin. Pathogenicity islands.
Microorganisms and their potential application in biosensing devices.
Fungal pathogens: yeast and molds. Structure and characterisitics of fungal cells.
Genetic manipulation of Yeast (disruption cassettes vs gene editing).
Animal viruses: structure, shape and size. Structure and composition of the capsid and envelope. Main phases of the replication cycle of an animal virus. Baltimore classification. Replicative strategies of viruses belonging to the different classes of Baltimore. Types of animal virus infection.
Vaccine development and innovative vaccine strategies.
Professione Igienista – Manuale dell’Igiene Ambientale e Territoriale – Gilli – Casa Editrice Ambrosiana
HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
Professione Igienista – Manuale dell’Igiene Ambientale e Territoriale – Gilli – Casa Editrice Ambrosiana
MICROBIOLOGY AND MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY:
Microbe, 3rd Edition
Michele S. Swanson, Elizabeth A. Joyce, Rachel E. A. Horak
ISBN: 978-1-683-67372-9 | June 2022 | ASM Press | 752 Pages
Non vi sono indicazioni specifiche per i non frequentanti: le modalità d’esame e il programma rimangono invariati. Si ricorda come lo strumento del ricevimento sia a disposizione per il chiarimento di argomenti, dei metodi più efficaci per lo studio della materia, o per eventuali altri approfondimenti
HEALTH RISK ASSESMENT
There are no specific indications for nonattending students: the examination procedures and the program remain unchanged. We remind you that office hours are there for the student to ask clarification of topics, the most effective methods for the study of the subject, or for any other insights
MICROBIOLOGY AND MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
The same program will be used to assess the knowledge of non attending students
La prova orale consiste in un colloquio tra il candidato, il docente e altri collaboratori del docente titolare. La prova orale non è superata se il candidato mostrerà ripetutamente l'incapacità di conoscere correttamente le nozioni basilari del corso e di mettere in relazione parti del programma e tali nozioni per rispondere in modo corretto ad una domanda.
HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
The oral test consists of an interview between the candidate, the teacher and other collaborators of the lecturer. The oral test is not accepted if the candidate repeatedly show the inability to properly learn the basics of the course and put parts of the program report and these notions to respond correctly to a question.
MICROBIOLOGY AND MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
The oral exam will consists of a public interview between the candidate and the Lecurers.
Commissione di esame
Presidente: Prof.ssa Arianna Tavanti
Membri: Prof.ssa Annalaura Carducci, Prof.ssa Daria Bottai, Prof. Marco Verani
Presidente supplente: Prof.ssa Annalaura Carducci
Membri supplenti: Dott.ssa Ileana Federigi
Exam Committee
President: Prof.ssa Arianna Tavanti
Members: Prof.ssa Annalaura Carducci, Prof.ssa Daria Bottai, Prof. Marco Verani
Presidente substituter: Prof.ssa Annalaura Carducci
Member substituters: Dott.ssa Ileana Fedeirigi
