The course provides students with the tools to understand the role of the genome and of gene-environment interactions in human diseases and in the individual response to nutrients and drugs. Mendelian heredity models and post-Mendelian genetics, numerical and structural chromosomal mutation syndromes, the genetics of complex and multifactorial characters and the genetic basis of hereditary and sporadic tumors will be treated. It will also provide the basis for understanding the role of epigenetic modifications in human diseases, deepening the role of diet and lifestyles. The course will also deal with the genetic and epigenetic basis of drug response and epigenetic drugs. Finally, the bases will be provided to act critically on the results of genetic tests in pre- and post-natal diagnostics, of nutrigenetics and genetic susceptibility tests.