The aim of the course is to study morphological and functional adaptations of plants to environmental factors such as abiotic components (climatic, edaphic and mechanical factors, and fire) and biotic ones (herbivorous, pollinator and dispersal animals). Relations between vegetation and climate, primary productivity, urban ecology, and agroecosystems will be considered. At the end of the course, students will have the knowledge and methodology to analyse problems regarding plant ecology. Lessons on the filed in protected areas and anthropic environments are also part of the course.