Fluorescence. Excited states and their radiative and non-radiativedecays. Jablonsky diagram. Emission properties. Emission and excitation and absorption spectra. The Stokes shift. Fluorescence measuremants. The spectrofluorometer. Concentration dependence of fluorescence. Inner filter effect. Choice of excitation and emission wavelengths.Dynamic aspects of fluorescence. The decay rate. The quantum yeld from decay rate. Life-time measurements. Methods based on time-domain and on frequency domain. Life-time and structure. The quenching of fluorescence.Static and dinamic quenching. The Stern-Volmer equation. Applications of quenching. FRET (fluorescence resonance energy tranfer). Donors and acceptors of energy. Spectra overlapping. The Foerster theory. Decay rate constants and donor-acceptor distance. The FRET efficiency. Efficiency and quantum yelds. The Foerster distance. FRET in biophysics an analytical biochemistry. The fluorescence sensing. Use of fluorescence sensors in bioanalytical chemistry. Sensors for explosives. FCS Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy). Fluorescence fluctuations in extremely diluted solutions (<10-9M). The femtovolume. Description and used of a FCS apparatus.Building of the correlation curve from fluorescence fluctuations. One-component systems: evaluation diffusion coefficient, concentration, end triplet life-time. Two-component systems. Examples of FCS application. The chemiluminescence and its use in analytical chemistry.

Electrophoresis. Properties. Electric field, analyte mobility, charge/volume ratio. Migration rate equations.Classical electrophoresis. Support media. Buffers, Joule effect and its control. The electrosmotic flow and its evaluation. Types of electrophoresis: zonal electrophoresis, isoelectric focalization, isothacoforesis, immunoelectrophoresis, rocket electrophoresis. Separation of proteins. Use of micellar pseudophases (Sodium dodecylsulphate). Nucleic acids separation. Gel electrophoresis (agarose and polyacrylamide). Capillary electrophoresis. Handling of capillaries. Control and/or elimination of the electrosmotic flow. Sensitivity and resolution of capillary electrophoresis.