Optical properties of the main physical systems; energy level labelling with quantum numbers and with group theory; experimental techniques: sources, detectors, spectrometers; Fourier and Raman spectroscopy; Optical microscopy and spectroscopy at the diffraction limit: epifluorescence, dark and bright field, confocal configurations. Individual emitting nanoparticles, quantum dots and chromophores. Sub-diffraction microscopy and spectroscopy: STED, PALM, STORM. Plasmon resonances: SPP and LSPR, plasmon spectroscopy. Scanning microscopy and spectroscopy: optical near-field, tip-enhanced spectroscopies, variants of scanning probe spectroscopies.