The aim of the course is to study morphological and functional adaptations of plants to environmental factors such as abiotic components (climatic, edaphic and mechanical factors, and fire) and biotic ones (herbivorous, pollinator and dispersal animals). Relationships between vegetation and climate, primary productivity and urban ecology will be considered. At the end of the course, students will have the knowledge and methodology to analyze problems regarding plant ecology. Visits to protected areas and anthropic environments are also part of the course.