The main goal of this course is to show the most recent protocols for the synthesis, from lab-scale to industrial-scale, of relevant classes of organic compounds including biologically-active derivatives, agrochemicals and new materials. Among these protocols, main enphasis will be given to the metal-mediated carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond formation reactions, starting from the classical procedures involving organometallic derivatives to the most innovative, such as carbon-hydrogen or carbon-heteroatom activation reactions. Practical and mechanistic aspects of the examined synthetic protocols will be critically discussed.