This course has been designed to analyse the history of population movements and migration policies in Europe from the Second World War to the current phase of transformation of all the main characteristics, dimensions and implications of mobility and migrations both within and from outside the continent. The course, in particular, examines the impact of these phenomena on European integration and, in turn, the impact of European integration on the formation and development of a regional migration regime. Special attention will be devoted to:
- massive population movements during and in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War: causes, dynamics, repercussions and birth of an early migration regime at regional level;
- recruitment of foreign workers in the context of economic reconstruction and growth: reasons, dynamics, economic, social and cultural impact on both sending and receiving countries;
- relationship between the origins of the process of European integration, the Italian case and intra-Community mobility;
- Decolonization and its impact on migration phenomena: situation in sending and receiving contexts, influence on international relations, implications for European politics and societies;
- end of foreign worker recruitment programs between the late Sixties and early Seventies: reasons and internal and international consequences;
- changes in channels of entry and composition of migration flows;
- “politicization” of migration phenomena: role of national and Community institutions, of political and social actors, of the media e and of the public opinion;
- end of the Cold War and migration processes: impact on flows, perceptions and public debate, German question and origins of the Schengen and Dublin systems;
- civil and international wars in the immediate aftermath of the Cold War and their impact on refugee flows within and from outside Europe;
- September 11 attacks and their repercussions on the European migration discourse: role of the immigrant communities, religious factor, identities and relationship between migration and terrorism;
- enlargement of the European Union: role of migration issues in accession negotiations; consequences on migration flows; impact on relations with applicant states;
- externalization strategies of the European Union: origins, development and outcomes;
- the Great Recession and its influence on international migrations and intra-Community mobility: economic and social impact on sending and receiving countries;
- Globalization, Arab Springs and European Refugee and Migrant Crisis;
- Mobility, migrations and European Union: Community strategies, strengths and weaknesses of the European governance of migration and the Brexit case.
The aim of the course is to provide students with knowledge and understanding of the post-war history of mobility and migrations both within and from outside the continent, with an emphasis on their relationship with the European integration process. On completion of the course, students will have acquired the instruments for grasping, interpreting and discussing critically the most important events of seventy-five years of European migration history and the dynamics behind them: the basic trends of continuity and change, causes and effects, the interplay of national, regional and global influences, and the impact of systemic crises on European and, in particular, EU processes