The course provides the knowledge for the study of soil biological activities, which regulate the biogeochemical cycles of the elements. In addition to the various biochemical aspects, the techniques used will be examined in order to obtain useful indicators for monitoring soil health state and for the quantification of possible soil alterations. The student will also acquire the necessary knowledge to analyze and understand soil and plant-associated microbial activities in order to maintain soil quality and improve the productivity of agroecosystems.