The aim of the lectures is to provide the students with suitable methodological instruments of molecular systematics and phylogenesis. Students will also develop a general knowledge on phylogenetic relationships.

The lectures analyze in detail and critically the different methodologies of molecular biology that are generally applied in studies of molecular systematics and phylogenesis. The lectures as well present a historical view on classification and phylogeny analyzing in a critical and comparative way morphological, ultrastructural, and molecular phylogenetic approaches that succeeded along years. Students will gain familiarity with electron microscopy techniques and with software for molecular phylogeny during specific practicals.