Advanced electromagnetism, quantum mechanics and special relativity. Electronics laboratory. Basics of interaction of radiation with matter. Attendance of Fundamental Interaction Lab advised.

The course is organized with classroom lessons and exercise sessions.

1. Refresher: basics of detector tecnologies (6)

   1. Refresher: Interactions of particles and matter

   2. Signal formation by moving charges and Ramo theorem

   3. Main sources and types of noise in detectors and amplifiers.

2. Tracking technologies (8)

   1. Gas-filled detectors: MWPC, Drift chambers, TPC, RPC, GEMs and other MPGDs.

   2. Semiconductor detectors: diodes, strip detectors, pixel detectors (hybrid and monolithic)

   3. Track reconstruction and momentum measurement

3. Timing technologies (4)

   1. Scintillation detectors: organic, inorganic; plastic, liquid, crystals

   2. Fast semiconductor detectors

   3. Time measurement techniques and applications

4. Particle Identification technologies (8)

   1. Photon detectors: PMT, MCP-PMT, MA-PMT, PIN-diodes, SiPM

   2. Cherenkov detectors: threshold, ring imaging, radiator types

   3. Transition radiation detectors: basic mechanism

   4. Techniques for particle identification: E/p, dE/dx, TOF, Cherenkov, penetration.

5. Energy measurement technologies (8)

   1. Homogeneous detectors

   2. Sampling calorimeters: readout methods, dual readout

   3. Particle flow calorimeters

   4. Techniques for energy measurement

6. Detectors for cosmic particles, neutrinos and exotic matter (6)

   1. Large volume detectors: Cherenkov, liquid noble gas

   2. Cold technologies: bolometers, superconducting tunneling junctions

   3. Dark matter, axions detection techniques

7. Signal processing and data acquisition technologies (6)

   1. Analog signal processing, readout and noise

   2. Digitization and digital signal processing

   3. Trigger and data acquisition systems

8. Some examples of large detector system/s (8)

   1. Hadron collider.

   2. Electron collider.

   3. Fixed target.

   4. Large volume.

D. Green - The physics of particle detectors - Cambridge U.P. (2000),
C. Grupen - Particle detectors - Cambridge U.P. (1996),
W.R. Leo -Techniques for nuclear and particle physics experiments - Springer-
Verlag (1994).
J.D. Jackson - Classical Electrodynamics - Wiley (1998),
T. Ferbel (ed.) - Experimental techniques in HEP - Addison Wesley (1987).
K. Kleinknecht - Detectors for particle radiation - Cambridge U.P. (1998).
H. Kolanoski, N. Wermes – Particle detectors – Oxford University Press (2020).
C.W. Fabjan, H. Schopper – Particle Physics Reference Library, Vol. 2, Detectors for
particles and radiation – Springer (2020) (https://www.springer.com/series/16489)
General reference: Particle Data Group - Review of particle physics – pdg.lbl.gov

The final exam consists of a written test and an oral examination.

https://elearning.df.unipi.it/course/view.php?id=360