Anatomy, Biochemistry, Physiology, General Pathology

Delivery: face to face

Learning activities:

• attending lectures
• participation in discussions
• individual study

Attendance: Mandatory

Teaching methods:

• Lectures

The course will provide the principles of pathogenesis, diagnosis and prevention of the most important infectious diseases in human caused by various microorganisms (bacteria, virus, fungi) with a particular focus on diseases that involve oral cavity.

Laboratory diagnostics of the following conditions and/or processes will be discussed in the Clinical Pathology module:

• anemias
• haemostasis
• liver function
• renal function
• glucose metabolism
• Serum proteins
• Atherosclerosis and cardiac disease markers
• Bone remodeling

Internal Medicine program

    Anemias: definition, classification, outline of therapy
    The correct measurement of blood pressure
    Arterial hypertension: definition, classification, complications
    Heart failure
    Hemorrhagic diseases
    Diabetes Mellitus: classification, clinical signs, complications
    Hypoglycaemic syndromes
    Fever: pathophysiology, characteristics and clinical signs
    Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome: classification, complications.
    Kidney disease.
    Pain and headache
    Thyroid disease
    Bone diseases: osteoporosis
    COPD, asthma, pneumonia
    Pulmonary embolism and venous thromboembolism
    Obliterating arteriopathy of the lower limbs
    Chest pain
    Ischemic heart disease
    Valvulopathies / infectious endocarditis
    Cardiomyopathies
    Cerebrovascular diseases
    Syncope
    Dizziness

  Clinical Pathology Program

Introduction to Clinical Pathology:

Biomarker concept, the process of selecting new biomarkers.

Analytical characteristics of a method (accuracy and precision, total analytical error, coefficient of variation, intra- and inter-assay reproducibility, imprecision profile, real value, specificity and analytical sensitivity).

Reference intervals and decision levels, sensitivity and specificity of a test.

 

Guidelines on the efficacy of the request in terms of better pathogenetic correlation and on the

critical interpretation of laboratory tests under the following conditions:

 

     Haematopoietic function alterations: blood count examination, numerical parameters; leukocyte formula; cellular abnormalities, blood smear and morphology.

 

    Anemias: classification surveys; diagnosis of anoemias due to deficiencies of normo-erythropoietic factors, hemolytic anemias and hemoglobinopathies: quantitative disorders (beta thalassemia) and qualitative disorders of the synthesis of hemoglobins (hemoglobin S).
    Iron metabolism and parameters for its evaluation.
    Hemostasis: evaluation of the vascular-platelet and coagulation phases; cellular model of the hemostatic process; targeted use of tests in monitoring the main pathologies of hemostasis:
    - Test for the evaluation of platelet function: aggregation;
    - Coagulation screening tests: PT (ISI index, INR), aPTT, TT.

    Hemorrhagic diseases: von Willebrand disease, hemophilia A, hemophilia B.
    Liver function disorders: indices of necrosis and cholestasis; jaundice; related metabolic tests.
    Plasma proteins: appropriateness of the request for the measurement of the main serum proteins: Albumin; Acute phase proteins (C-reactive protein); Immunoglobulin.
    Renal function disorders: evaluation of glomerular filtrations; clearance; tubular function evaluation; the laboratory in some kidney diseases.
    Urinalysis: screening test and sediment; proteinurias.
    Damage and heart failure markers: cardiac troponins and type B natriuretic peptides  

Gastroenterology Program

 -Digestive pathophysiology

-Gastroesophageal reflux disease

-Dyspepsia, Helicobacter pylori and NSAIDs

-Gut microbiota

-Celiac disease

-Inflammatory Bowel Disease

-Acute and chronic liver diseases

 Infectious Disease Program

1. Epidemiology of infectious diseases.
2. Clinical approach to patients with fever and fever of unknown origin (FUO)
3. Bacterial and viral diseases: tonsillitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis, epiglottitis, tracheobronchitis, pneumonia.
4. Bacteremia, sepsis, septic shock.
5. Upper and lower respiratory tract infections
6. COVID-19: epidemiologicy, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, prevention and therapeutic strategies
7. Infective endocarditis: epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, complications and therapeutic approach.
8. Head and neck infections
9. Nosocomial infections of odontostomatological interest: in intensive care and post-surgical.
10. Epidemiology and pathogenesis of HIV infection; early diagnosis, classification of lesions of the oral cavity, neck and esophagus.
11. Acute bacterial infections of skin and skin structures (ABSSSI): erysipelas, cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis
12. Nosocomial infections by multidrug-resistant germs

Lecture slides

Reference texts:

Harrison's Internal Medicine, Mc Graw Hill

M. Ciaccio, G. Lippi. Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio. EdiSES I ed.

 - Handbook of Digestive System Diseases. Various authors. By the National Coordination of University Teachers of Gastroenterology. 2019-2022 edition.

Goldman, Cecil, Schafer. Medicina Interna. 25a edizione, Edra Masson, 2017. Infectious Disease section.

Mandell, Douglas, Bennett: “Principles and Practices of Infectious Disease”, 8ª ed,

There are no specific indications for non-attending students, as attendance to the courses is mandatory.

oral question of the student