Modules | Area | Type | Hours | Teacher(s) | |
BIOCHIMICA AGRARIA | AGR/13 | LEZIONI | 64 |
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Al termine del corso:
The course is aimed to understand the physical, chemical and biological context of the organic molecules, the organic reactions and the metabolic pathways, with particular attention to the relation between structure and function of the major classes of biopolimers and to the metabolic regulation at molecular and cellular level. The course provides notions on the structure and function carbohydrates, lipids, protein and nucleotides, the principles of enzymes and enzyme kinetics, bioenergetics, metabolic processes and their control All students should have further in-depth knowledge of several areas related to their chosen discipline: cell biology, organic and inorganic chemistry. All students will have experience in biochemistry laboratory techniques.
Per l'accertamento delle conoscenze saranno svolte delle prove in itinere utilizzando test, ma anche incontri tra il docente e gli studenti che si svolgeranno con lezioni di accertamento finalizzate alla valutazione delle conoscenze acquisite. Nello specifico:
For the assessment of the knowledges ongoing written tests will be carried out, besides meetings between the teacher and the students by means of lessons aimed at evaluating the gained information. In particular:
Al termine del corso:
At the end of the course:
Durante lo svolgimento del corso vengono effettuate lezioni di accertamento durante le quali lo studente dovrà dimostrare di:
During the course assessment lessons will be carried out, during which the student must prove:
Alla fine del corso lo studente potrà acquisire e/o sviluppare:
At the end of the course the student will acquire and/or develop:
La verifica dei comportamenti sarà effettuata:
durante le esercitazioni numeriche e/o di laboratorio in cui si valuterà il grado di accuratezza e precisione delle attività svolte
durante le esercitazioni di accertamento finalizzate a valutare il comportamento dello studente di fronte alle problematiche poste dal docente
The behaviour verification will be carried out:
Per affrontare l'insegnamento di Biochimica Agraria sono necessarie le conoscenze iniziali di:
The Biochemistry course requires initial knowledges concerning:
COURSE INTRODUCTION. Brief description of the main organic molecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleotides. Notes on plant and animal cell and the structure of the membrane and cell wall. BIOENERGETICS. After recovering the basics of the laws of thermodynamics will investigate the following topics: free energy, free energy and equilibrium constant of chemical reactions, oxidation-reduction potential, redox potential and free energy.
ENERGY CONVERSION IN MEMBRANES AND THERMODYNAMICS OF COMPOUNDS CONTAINING PHOSPHATE. Components of the electron transport chain in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Transfer reactions of the phosphoric group. ATP synthesis. Electrochemical proton gradient membrane
ELEMENTS OF ENZYMOLOGY. Classification of enzymes. Modes of action of enzymes, their functions and factors that affect their catalytic activity. Factors that interfere with the speed of the enzymatic reactions: enzyme concentration, and the substrate (order of the reactions, the Michaelis-Menten), temperature, pH, presence of inhibitors (reversible and irreversible inhibition). Coenzymes [NAD(P)/NAD(P)H, FAD/FADH2, Coenzyme A, ATP)].
RESPIRATION. Introduction of cellular metabolism (anabolism and catabolism ). Glicolysis and fermentation. Piruvate dehydrogenase complex. Mithocondrion structure. Citrate cycle. Oxidative phosphorylation: complexes, electron flow and ATP synthesis. Role of oxygen in respiration. Energetic yield of oxidative metabolism. Oxidative stress in mithocondrion: radicals, reaction of Fenton and Haber-Weiss, lipid peroxidation.
LIPID OXIDATION. Hydrolysis of a triglyceride. Metabolic pathways for fat acids oxidation. differences between plants and animals.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS. classification of photosynthetic organisms: oxygenic and anoxygenic. priciples of energy transduction in photosynthesis: light absorption. Oxygenic photosynthesis: chloroplast structure, electron transport complexes. The linear electron transport and the transmembrane proton gradient, ATP synthesis, cyclic electron transport. Energetic yield of linear and cyclic electron transport . State II-I transition. CO2 photoassimilation: carboxylation, reduction and regeneration. Photorespiration. Photoassimilation of CO2 in C4 plants and CAM metabolism. Carbohydrate synthesis: sucrose and starch. Pentose-phosphate pathway: oxidative and non-oxidative reactions.
LIPID BIOSYNTHESIS. Biosynthesis fat acids and lipids: location, starter, malonil-CoA synthesis, elongation. Reaction of fat acids synthesis. Insaturation reactions
GLUCONEOGENESYS. Starters. Gluconeogensis pathway. The glyoxylate cycle. OXIDATIVE STRESS . Radicals: synthesis and chemical characteristics. Effects of radicals in the cell. Antioxidants MINERAL NUTRITION. nutritional element in plants: function, absorption and metabolism. Nitrogne cycle. Biological fixation of molecular nitrigen. Assmilatory reduction of nitrate: nitrate and nitrite reductase. Ammonium cycle: glutammine cycle. Amminoacids synthesis.
Gli studenti non frequentanti possono seguire lo svolgimento delle lezioni utilizzando il materiale didattico messo a disposizione dal docente prima dell'inizio del corso sul sito E-learning del CdS e seguendo il registro delle lezioni del docente.
Not-attending students can follow the lessons using the teaching material provided on the E-learning web site by the teacher before the beginning of the lectures, and consulting the lesson log.
L'esame è composto da tre prove scritte in itinere per gli studenti frequentanti