Oral Lessons

Course content

Gravity surveying: Outlines of the Earth’s gravity field; absolute and relative gravity measurements; Bouguer’s, free air and topographic corrections; field procedures; Bouguer’s anomaly; density of rocks; examples of theoretical anomalies; elements on interpretation.

Magnetic Surveying: The magnetic induction field B and the magnetic field H and their dipolar nature; the induced magnetization vector and the magnetic susceptibility; the remnant magnetization; the susceptibility of the rocks; outline of the Earth's magnetic field; the magnetometer; measure of the magnetic field; magnetic anomaly; elements on interpretation. Examples

Electrical surveying: Electrical conduction in rocks; Ohm’s law, Archie’s law; electrical field generated by a point electrode on the surface of a homogeneous, isotropic half-space; conditions at the discontinuity boundary between two media; electrical quadrupole and apparent resistivity; arrays. Vertical electrical soundings; constant separation traverse; electrical resistivity tomography; elements on interpretation; examples. Induced polarization. Self potential method.

Seismic surveying: elements on the elastic properties of rocks, on the wave equation and on the body and surface waves; seismic wave velocity in rocks; spherical divergence and adsorption; Snell's law; traveltimes of reflected and head waves; elements on seismic sources, receivers and spread layout; refraction seismic (reciprocal spreads, simple interpretation methods, examples);

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR): the electromagnetic field; the dielectric permittivity; reflection and transmission coefficient for the electromagnetic waves; the radargram; examples

An Introduction to Applied and Environmental Geophysics, Reynolds, 2011

Applied Geophysics, 2nd ed, Telford, Geldart, Sheriff, 1990

Environmental and Engineering geophysics, Sharma, 1997

An introduction to geophysical exploration, Keary, Brooks and Hill, 2002

Applied Geophysics, Zanzi, 2008

Near-Surface Applied Geophysics, Everett, 2013

https://polo3.elearning.unipi.it/

Course 230DD WGF-LM